ecological fallacy उदाहरण वाक्य

:Also related to the ecological fallacy . . . though that's not " quite " the same thing either.
An early example of the ecological fallacy was study of suicide in France although this has been debated by some.
Many examples of ecological fallacies can be found in studies of social networks, which often combine analysis and implications from different levels.
He has written that individuals should keep in mind the influence of both confirmation bias and the ecological fallacy in looking at trends in the data.
The four common statistical ecological fallacies are : confusion between ecological correlations and individual correlations, confusion between group average and total average, Simpson's paradox, and other statistical methods.

Reviews have found that these concerns were flawed, due to reliance on the ecological fallacy and the purported mechanism of causing tumors being unlikely to actually cause cancer.
However, this approach suffers from the potential of ecological fallacy, where the data shows an association between an intervention and a change in the outcome, but there is actually no causal relationship.
In statistics an ecological fallacy is a logical fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data where inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inference for the group to which those individuals belong.
Where real-world patterns may not conform to the regions discussed, issues such as the ecological fallacy and the modifiable areal unit problem ( MAUP ) can lead to major misinterpretations, and other techniques are preferable.
The second criticism concerned the ecological fallacy : Meadow's calculation had assumed that the cot death probability within any single family was the same as the aggregate ratio of cot deaths to births for the entire affluent-non-smoking population.