retrobulbar उदाहरण वाक्य

Signs and symptoms of acute optic neuropathy include painless loss of vision which may affect either one or both eyes, reduced visual acuity, reduced color vision, relative afferent pupillary defect, central scotoma, swollen optic disc, macular edema, or retrobulbar pain.
"' Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy "'( "'PION "') is a medical condition characterized by damage to the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve due to ischemia, a restriction of the blood supply to the optic nerve.
The anterior optic nerve is supplied by the short posterior ciliary artery and choroidal circulation, while the retrobulbar optic nerve is supplied intraorbitally by a pial plexus, which arises from the ophthalmic artery, internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and anterior communicating arteries.
Cataract surgery is generally performed by an ophthalmologist ( eye surgeon ) in an ambulatory ( rather than inpatient ) setting, in a surgical center or hospital, using local anesthesia ( either topical, peribulbar, or retrobulbar ), usually causing little or no discomfort to the patient.
On medical examination the head of the optic nerve can easily be visualized by a slit lamp with high plus or by using direct ophthalmoscopy; however, frequently there is no abnormal appearance of the nerve head in optic neuritis ( in cases of retrobulbar optic neuritis ), though it may be swollen in some patients ( anterior papillitis or more extensive optic neuritis ).