identical particles उदाहरण वाक्य

उदाहरण वाक्य

1. In quantum mechanics there is a fundamental distinction between " identical particles " and " distinguishable " particles.
2. His research interests included the de Broglie waveguides; and the behaviour of identical particles including fermions, bosons, and anyons.
3. This is exact for an ideal gas of identical particles, and may or may not be a good approximation for other systems.
4. Many physicists prefer to take the converse interpretation, which is that " quantum field theory explains what identical particles are ".
5. This has a large area of potential applications, from symmetric function theory to problems of quantum mechanics for a number of identical particles.
6. The treatment of identical particles is very different for bosons ( particles with integer spin ) versus fermions ( particles with half-integer spin ).
7. Species of identical particles include elementary particles such as electrons, and with some clauses, composite particles such as atoms and molecules . ""
8. For systems of identical particles this is related to the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that by interchanges of any two of the particles one must have
9. For bosons, the exchange interaction takes the form of an effective attraction that causes identical particles to be found closer together, as in Bose Einstein condensation.
10. Although H'is necessarily invariant under permutations of identical particles ( since H and the COM kinetic energy are invariant ), its invariance is not manifest.